I saw this and could not let it go without a comment.... or 2. 1: Semantics. Exhaust can't give you power, says Lordworm. Well, changing to a less restrictive one can certainly give you top end power. Has been proven on a Dyno. Stock exhaust = x kw . Better Exhaust = x+y kw. But to take LW's point of view, the new system just "Steals" less of the power you are already making. Because most of us are coming from a position of having a manufacturer's system, I think there is nothing wrong with saying we "gain" power from a better setup. We still have to stay within certain bounds to be legal, so we cannot have an open system anyway. In types of motor racing these rules are different so you have a different starting point. 2: I can't agree that the pressure pulse going back up the header to the valve is what is helping you. I believe you get a low pressure pulse that follows the high pressure pulse out of the cylinder (caused by the mass of gas that is moving away while you are closing the valve, i.e. pulling a vacuum on it self). When this High then Low compression wave hits corners (and to a lesser extent, when it expands to the ID of the pipe) then it will get a pressure wave reflected back to the valve. After the pressure wave hits the valve then the valve should open and the vacuum wave should have just hit the valve and the new pressure pulse should follow this double-reflected vacuum wave out. That is what I call positive scavenging. It is most effective in the primaries, and you will get a small secondary effect further down at the end of the secondaries. 3: You mention a few times the exhaust gases "Expanding" as they travel down the exhaust pipe. I would like to know what you mean by this? I understand the expanding that happens in the cylinder, but why do you think they keep expanding down the system? The only thing that I can think of is similar to the effect of pressure drop across an orifice. 4: I would like someone to explain to me the whole idea of "not enough Velocity." We know that Very high velocity causes increased Pipe friction losses and increased separation/turbulence losses. This is the "fighting to get out" thing. The faster you go, the worse it gets to the square of velocity. That is why muffler systems do not really affect down low torque but can have a big effect on up high power. But "too big a pipe" causing problems is not clear to me. As close as I can get to an answer is using Bernoulli's Principle, where at lower velocities, the pressure contribution to head is increased. As an interesting note, when I ran my silvertop to the exhaust shop, with only primaries and secondaries on it, I heard 2 very distinct resonances through the rev range (that is, in between my multiple orgasms from the hawt sound and the physical vibration of my body...)